In Famine, Affluence, And Morality, Peter Singer Argues

In Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Peter Singer argues for the utilitarian system of ethics. To thoroughly understand this system, one must first accept the notion that the individual has a moral obligation to prevent something bad from happening if it is in their power to do so. For Singer, there is no inherently good moral compass one must strictly abide by. Actions that are considered good or bad differ based on the situation in question. Contrarily, Immanuel Kant asserts that there is intrinsic good in the world in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant calls this phenomenon the â€Å"good will† (527) and claims that this will is always good, even if acting upon it does not result in any positive outcomes. The argument that he makes†¦show more content†¦We are equally morally obligated to help both without discriminating against either. Utilitarian ethics state that a course of action should be taken by considering the most positive outcome. This system of ethics argues that while some actions are not naturally good, they should be taken if the result of the action is positive. Singer believes that we must give maximally if we don’t want to sacrifice anything of equal moral importance. Singer believes that our system of how we judge what is moral needs to be fixed when he writes of â€Å"our moral conceptual scheme—[which] needs to be altered, and with it, the way of life that has come to be taken for granted in our society† (518). When we apply the utilitarian system of ethics to the real world, perhaps we find it hard to accept the argument of geographic removal Singer writes about (520). Singer claims that it makes no difference if one helps their neighbor or someone who is thousands of miles away. While humans are naturally more inclined to help those faces they are familiar with, morally it makes sense that good will be regarded as good, no matter where it is. In his work, Kant introduces the concept of duties and specific applications of inherent good will. He identifies three logical statements, the first of which is that actions are truly good when they are undertaken for the sake of duty alone. This means that those who offer help or solutio n to an ethical dilemma do not do so out of empathy, but for theShow MoreRelatedI.Introduction. Famine Is A Highly Prevalent And Debated1106 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction Famine is a highly prevalent and debated topic. Written in November 1971, Peter Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† addresses famine as a moral issue. Peter Singer, as a Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, focuses on ethics and moral values, and with his text, I will analyze this moral dilemma and show that the reasonable and well-thought Peter Singer’s argument is successful. II. Peter Singer’s Argument Peter Singer begins by laying out two basic premises: 1.Read MoreThe Problem of Poverty in Famine, Affluence, and Morality by Peter Singer1112 Words   |  5 Pages Peter Singer is often regarded as one of the most productive and influential philosophers of modern times. He is well-known for his discussions of the acute social, economic, and political issues, including poverty and famines. In his â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, Singer (1972) discusses the problem of poverty and hunger, as well as the way this problem is treated in the developed world. Singer believes that charity is inseparable from morality, and no distinction can be drawn between charityRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality1663 Words   |  7 PagesSinger’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality Ametra Heard PHI208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor Zummuna Davis January 14, 2013 Singer’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality In the Peter Singer’s article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he discusses the way that people should take moral in their help toward the support of the Bengal famine crisis. Singer states three obligations that would help the Bengal region through the means of a wealthy person, and those individuals living life on a dayRead MoreFamine, Affluence, And Morality1555 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiencing famine, deaths and diseases in poor countries. However, the moral necessity of doing so has been controversial in human’s society for years. One philosopher named Peter Singer gives his opinion in the article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, and presents a powerful argument supporting his claim. In this essay, I will explain his conclusion and main argument, propose one objection to his argument, and evaluate the validity of my objection by considering possible response that Peter Singer wouldRead Moresociety poverty has various definitions that lack the true picture that poverty depicts. Dictionary500 Words   |  2 Pagesreflected in Peter Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality† essay and the opposing essay written by John Arthur in â€Å"World hunger and moral obligation: the case against Singer.† Peter Singer raises the question of poverty and our obligations toward it in his essay â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†. In the essay, Singer addresses the question of what obligations we have toward those around the globe who are suffering from lack of food, shelter or basic needs. Singer uses the terms ‘relieving famine,’ butRead MoreEssay on Duty versus Charity: Why a Distinction is Essential1256 Words   |  6 Pagesnow the country of Bangladesh) was undergoing a severe famine, due to rampant poverty, a civil war and frequent cyclones. The lack of overseas help to this impoverished region was probably what triggered Peter Singer to write the article Famine, Affluence and Morality, wherein he claims that world hunger and famine can be prevented and possibly eradicated if everyone in the wealthy nations did their bit to help the sufferers monetarily. Singer further claims that duty and charity should not be asRead MoreDefense Of Singer s Shallow Pond Argument881 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of Singer’s Shallow Pond Argument Peter Singer is known in philosophy for many different writings, one of them being his â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† which includes his shallow pond argument. Many philosophers have argued against his shallow pond argument and for it, for many different reasons. In Singer’s â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he describes how he believes everyone’s approach to global poverty should be. He starts by describing how people in many places in the worldRead MoreThe Moral Implications Of Charity1695 Words   |  7 Pagesis morally correct despite their lack of aid to strangers. I will argue for the position that this individual is morally correct, as humans have free will to abide to their own autonomy. When an individual is autonomous, they are relying on their own values rather than society’s. Peter Singer’s 1972 article, â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,† highlights the moral implications of charity and why individuals ought to donate. Singer would not agree to this individual s statement because Singer’s principlesRead MorePeter Singer And John Arthur s Views On Famine And Affluence1451 Words   |  6 PagesPeter Singer and John Arthur’s views on Famine and Affluence All living things need four basic elements for survival: food, water, shelter, and fire. There are portions of the world that have difficulty finding some or all of these four basic elements for survival. The United States is the top affluent country in the world, which often creates issues regarding morality. America is known as the â€Å"land of opportunities† where someone could attain a job to afford housing, food, warmth, andRead MorePeter Singers Argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality1500 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores Peter Singer’s argument, in Famine, Affluence, and Morality, that we have morally required obligations to those in need. The explanation of his argument and conclusion, if accepted, would dictate changes to our lifestyle as well as our conceptions of duty and charity, and would be particularly demanding of the affluent. In response to the central case presented by Singer, John Kekes offers his version, which he labels the and points out some objections. Revisions of the principle

Apple s Line Of Smartphones - 1710 Words

Apple was founded in 1970 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Firstly they focused on computers (Successstorycom, 2017, 3). Current Apple CEO is Tim Cook, company is based in Cupertino, California, US (Successstorycom, 2017). Apple introduced it firs iPhone, which is its smartphone products line in 2007 T3com, 2017,2). In 2016 Apple introduced its 7th generation of iPhone (T3com, 2017, 16). Apple produce its own software for its products in 4 main categories, computers, tablets, phones, and media players. Apple production lines have its specific names, computers are callers mac, tablets iPad, phones iPhone and media players are iPods (Applecom, 2017 a). iPhone iPhone 7 is Apple s line of smartphones which are based on Apple s operating†¦show more content†¦Current Market Environment The company customers are mainly individual consumers, small and mid-size businesses, education, enterprise and government markets ((Shareholdercom, 2017, page 7). The company sells its product th rough retail and online stores, or third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and resellers. During 2016 Apple 25% of sales were made through direct and 75% through indirect distribution (Shareholdercom, 2017, page 7). Mobile market has fast changing environment, in which technology companies has to invest huge amounts of money to research development (RD), to bring new innovative unique solutions (Shareholdercom, 2017, page 5). The Company further believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an effective way to demonstrate the advantages of its products over those of its competitors and providing a high-quality sales and after-sales support experience is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers (Shareholdercom, 2017, page 7). To improve high quality experience the company is expending number of its shops worldwide, which are usually located in high traffic zones like shopping malls. The shops attract new costumers, and h elps to improve the loyal customers experience from the product. Apple also invest in reseller programs, to support third party resell stores by providing product expertise, integration and support programs (Shareholdercom,Show MoreRelatedApple : A Fine Grained Job1384 Words   |  6 PagesApple does a fine-grained job in making the most of their profitability in just about every area. One way which Apple has expand their success is by providing the customers with more selections and possibilities. For example, Apple launched their iPhone 6 and their iPhone 6 Plus, which is a little bigger than the iPhone 6. If a customer buys an iPhone 6 Plus rather than the smaller iPhone 6, Apple makes an extra $84.50. The bigger screen and battery in the iPhone 6 Plus, plus a few other more marginalRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1722 Words   |  7 PagesApple Inc. is a gigantic company which focuses mainly on technological products, and it is headquarters is located in California. The comp any is base out of California and it was established in 1976. The â€Å"founder of Apple is Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne.† â€Å"Apple design develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.† Some common product of Apple includes â€Å"the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portableRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Apple1413 Words   |  6 Pages With Samsung doing so well in the cellphone market, Apple is going to have to step up its’ game in order to ensure that it stays right there with them at the top. Although Apple is constantly advertising worldwide and finding new and impressive ways to get its name out there, it is still in need of something that will send it flying ahead of Samsung. For Apple’s corporate strategy, it already uses a close-related diversification strategy. This strategy has assisted the company in finding out exactlyRead MoreMobile Phones Has Changed Our Life1508 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: If someone ask me what will you must take when you go outï ¼Å¸My answer is wallet, keys and mobile phone. I think everyone will make the same answer as me. Mobile phone that you could not live without it. In modern life, smartphone has become necessities of life. Technology is process faster and faster, and we can find the new technology in every updated mobile phones. 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Samsung sold 83.2m smartphones globally in the first quarter of 2015, according to data from research firm Strategy Analytics, reclaiming the top spot from Apple which sold 61.2m iPhones in the same period. In total, 345m smartphones were sold globally. (Musil) Samsung’s flagship phone over the last several years has been the Galaxy S. The latest version is the S6 which is a smartphone designed to compete with Apple’s IPhone. The Galaxy S6 is a 5.5†Read MoreApple Inc. : An American Technology Company Operating Worldwide1130 Words   |  5 PagesApple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American technology company operating worldwide. It was created by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Waynein in 1976 in Cupertino, California where its headquarters are still located. The company currently designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Apple Inc. was originally founded with the aim to develop and sell personal computers. On January 3, 1977 the company was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. and on JanuaryRead MoreThe Overall Problem At Apple Inc. Is A Declining Iphone1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe overall problem at Apple Inc. is a declining iPhone growth problem due to decreasing market share and lack of innovation. The company has hit a stagnant point and continues to lose overall market share to its competitors while trying to recover and come up with the next big product. Shares of Apple have been stagnant over the past two years despite successful profits, a fast-growing dividend, and over $130 billion worth of share repurchases. The staple product, the Apple iPhone, accounts for theRead MoreHandwriting Recognition And Its Recognition Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesParagraph International Inc.’s Calligrapher recognition engine. Calligrapher technology was limited by the dictionary of words to which it has access (Luckie, n.d.). This shows that if you write a word that doesn’t exist in the dictionary, then Calligrapher is not going to recognize it correctly and often suggests funny but incorrect phrases as the user wrote. Even though the limitation of the Calligrapher recognition partly contributed to the demise of MessagePad, Apple was able to rescue Newton during

The Effect of Rmb Internationalization Free Essays

Effects on China Advantages : Enterprises in China Enterprises in China may benefit a lot from the internationalization of Renmibi. First of all, the cost of currency exchange can be saved and the risk of exchange rate of using of other currencies can be reduced, if Renminbi become a trade settlement. Also, RMB as an investment currency, if foreign assets increased demand of it ,China can reduce the interest rates of RMB assets, thereby reducing their financing costs, and further, companies can go overseas to issue RMB-denominated bonds, thereby expanding the scope of financing and address the problem of currency mismatch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Rmb Internationalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, Domestic firms can use the RMB to invest abroad, to achieve Chinese enterprises â€Å"going out† strategy, integrating into the global economy. People’s Republic of China China may have quite a lot of advantages from it too. First, it may enhance the international status of China through internationalization of Renminbi by increasing China’s voice in the international community and the influence of China in international economy, as the internationalization of its currency may promote the expansion of China’s financial service sector. Also, China may collect ‘ seigniorage’from the rest of world, which ‘ seigniorage’ defined as the margin between the denomination of the notes and the cost of issuing the notes obtained by the note issuer, if RMB get commodity pricing, which can use it to buy the worldwide resources and avoid U. S. dollar liquidity constraints, that leads to expansion of seigniorage revenue. More, China has accumulated foreign exchange reserves to ease the pressure, reduce the risk of reserve assets shrink, reducing the dependence of other countries (mainly U. S. ). China’s foreign exchange reserves, mostly are U. S. overnment bonds, which makes China and U. S. in a delicate state. After global financial crisis , the Chinese foreign exchange reserves shrink every moments, but China is not found in other better investment options, holding dollar debt is the best choice for China at this moment. Financial organizations The financial organization may also take advantages through RMB internationalization. First, the import and export trade companies for RMB provide clearing services and financing for foreign importers to provide support to the RMB business so as to expand the scope of commercial banks and to increase the profits of commercial banks. Furthermore, The existence of economies of scope to improve the competitiveness of financial institutions, and the increased use of offshore yuan to improve market liquidity, more importantly, the central bank can protect the lender of last resort to provide liquidity for financial institutions to protect, Chinese financial institutions to reduce foreign exchange liquidity risk, which together with the economies of scope to improve the overseas Chinese financial institutions to conduct renminbi business competitiveness. Also, RMB overseas demand also contributed to the innovation of financial instruments and the development of renminbi derivatives market. Last nut not the least, it may benefit from increasing the influence of China’s financial markets, and promote international financial center , like Shanghai, as well as an offshore financial center, Hong Kong, the development of renminbi, the Chinese financial markets and further integrate into the international financial markets. Disadvantages PRC government The PRC government , however, still has to face some challenges in order to achieve RMB internationalization. First of all, as China’s capital markets are still too shallow, any significant changes in cross-border capital flows may easily lead to large fluctuations in China’s asset prices. Overseas demand challenges the RMB of China’s monetary policy , while people who holds the RMB assets may cause the increase of cross-border capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations, and thus affects the stability of China’s financial system. Also, if a currency is fully internationalized, which means that it can easily be obtained in international financial markets, the country with an internationalized currency will be very vulnerable to speculative attacks from international speculators. More, â€Å"hot money† will enter China causing economic crisis. As Hot money will lead to economic crisis in China’s property market and the stock market, as investors consider more to invest their money in high-return business. Like Guangzhou Tang Hang Metal Materials Co. , Ltd. eferred payment for imported goods in China so as to profit from the appreciation of the renminbi. Experts said that China’s foreign exchange regulations, the RMB settlement may make this form of arbitrage is more profitable, because the company can enjoy a more favorable foreign exchange rate. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank( page 16), China was trying to fix the problem of hot money. ‘ â€Å" † , 2010 ? 11 ,2011 ? 3 , ?2011 ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China Last but not the least, it is more difficult for China to control the inflation rate. China’s battle to curb inflation even more difficult, because People Bank of China must print more RMB to buy dollars flowing into the country. China has more than 6% inflation. And Beijing want to precisely control the level to curb the appreciation of the yuan revaluation, but the internationalization of the RMB has given tremendous upward pressure. Brookings Institution China scholar Prasad (Eswar Prasad) said that the management and increase appreciation of the RMB yuan in international trade and financial transactions of the importance, both in the short term this is a contradiction. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank, (page 1 ), there is still pressure in controlling the amount of RMB. ‘ , , 5 ,M2 M1 4. 6 8. 5 6 , ,M2 M1 0. 8 0. 4 , †¦.. ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China How to cite The Effect of Rmb Internationalization, Papers

Intercultural communication and cross

Intercultural communication and cross-cultural man Essay agement When talking about Intercultural communication and cross-cultural man Essayagement, we more or less have to accept that culture does exist, at least as an abstract concept or as an abstract unit. As a unit one can analyze and try to understand a culture, which may have vague or undefined borderlines separating one culture from another. These borderlines which might move from time to time and from situation to situation can, however, be crossed for various reasons, such as in connection with all kinds of intercultural co-operation, international tourism, cross-cultural management, etc. And intercultural communication, of course, is important in all of these situations. My understanding of culture will be covered by the following definition: Culture is the philosophy of life, the values, norms and rules, and actual behavior as well as the material and immaterial products from these which are taken over by man from the past generations, and which man wants to bring forward to the next generation eventually in a different form and which in one way or another separate individuals belonging to the culture from individuals belonging to other cultures As time goes on, people begin to fine other resource beyond their home country. Join in international company and work in host country, as their inner philosophy of their life exist, they cant avoid culture shock, other people use their own way to thinking to acting, different way of conduct business, value and norms est. both of these will crash both of people involved in this condition will reduce efficient or ability of them and process of doing things. From article of attention!! Working in Swiss and differences between Germans and Americans we see these countries have different measurements of doing things-their uncertainty avoid, low or high power distance, individualism collectivism both of these will effect through whole management process and base on managers capability of culture awareness and subordinates different culture awareness. With fast changing of this world company need high quality workers some of them may come from different culture, so intercultural management appears. In order to let them work efficiently supervisor should improve their knowledge of different culture or company fail in competition. As individual work in different culture environment who should also know different culture exist in different country and different type of people, know it and adopt differences between their home countries as soon as possible. We can get final success only if we do in this way follow the rule of this game!! .